**1. Modes of Human-Powered Transport:**
– Shopping trolley
– Crawling
– Walking (233 watts at 4.8km/h)
– Walking bus
– Running (1,150 watts at 16km/h)
– Swimming
– Climbing and mountaineering
– Ice skating, roller skating, and inline skating
– Cross-country skiing
**2. Human-Powered Vehicles (HPVs):**
– Skateboards propelled by pushing or gravity
– Trikkes powered by shifting body weight
– Bicycles most efficient type of HPV
– Velomobiles increasingly popular in colder countries
– Cargo bikes used for transporting cargo
**3. Human-Powered Aircraft and Airships:**
– Fixed wing MIT Daedalus human powered aircraft
– Da Vinci III first human-powered helicopter in 1989
– Gossamer Albatross famous human-powered plane
– Current distance record by MIT Daedalus 88
– Current speed record by Musculair 2
– French inventors built man-powered airships
– Solar balloons and airships are new types
– Human power used for thrust in airships
– Lift supplied through buoyancy
– Human power can be devoted to thrust
**4. Human-Powered Watercraft:**
– Punt Pedalo
– Birchbark canoe
– Human-powered watercraft include canoes and rowing boats
– More modern craft use propellers and water wheels
– Hydrofoils have less water resistance
**5. History, Achievements, and Future of Human-Powered Transport:**
– Human-powered transportation dates back to ancient times
– Leonardo da Vinci designed human-powered vehicles in the 15th century
– The first human-powered flight was achieved in 1977
– Notable achievements like cycling speed records and human-powered aircraft flights
– Various human-powered vehicles have set world records for speed and distance
– Continued innovation and sustainability in human-powered transport
– Integration of human-powered vehicles into urban transportation systems
– Efforts to improve safety and accessibility of human-powered transport
Human-powered transport is the transport of person(s) and/or goods (freight) using human muscle power. Unlike animal-powered transport, human-powered transport has existed since time immemorial in the form of walking, running and swimming, as well as small vehicles such as litters, rickshaws, wheelchairs and wheelbarrows. Modern technology has allowed mechanical advantage devices and machines to enhance human-power.
Although motorization has increased speed and load capacity, many forms of human-powered transport remain popular for reasons of cost, convenience, leisure, physical exercise and environmentalism. Human-powered transport is sometimes the only type available, especially in underdeveloped or inaccessible regions.