**1. Space Traveler Statistics:**
– 47 countries have had space travelers as of February 2024.
– 644 individuals have reached space per FAI’s definition.
– 681 individuals reached space based on USAF’s definition.
– 610 individuals have reached Earth’s orbit.
– 24 individuals have gone beyond low Earth orbit, including Moon visits.
**2. Suborbital Space Travel:**
– Some flew between 80-100 km, meeting US spaceflight guidelines.
– Others flew above 100 km, meeting FAI’s spaceflight guidelines.
– Notably, the Soviet Union lacked suborbital spaceflights.
– Examples include Vasily Lazarev, Oleg Makarov, and various X-15 pilots.
**3. Notable Space Travelers by Nationality:**
– United States: Alan Shepard, Michael Adams, Joe Engle, Luca Parmitano, Claude Nicollier.
– Malaysia: Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor.
– Mexico: Rodolfo Neri Vela.
– Mongolia: Jügderdemidiin Gürragchaa.
– Russia and the Soviet Union: Pavel Popovich, Ellen Baker, Mary Cleave, Bonnie Dunbar, Samuel Durrance, James Dutton, Tracy Caldwell Dyson, Joseph Engle.
**4. Astronauts with Multiple Space Missions:**
– Scott J. Kelly, Janice E. Voss, Rex J. Walheim, Charles Walker, David M. Walker.
**5. Astronauts with Diverse Nationalities and Naturalized American Astronauts:**
– Diverse Nationalities: William Anders, Michael Collins, Shannon Lucid, Gregory H. Johnson, Jasmin Moghbeli.
– Naturalized American Astronauts: Anousheh Ansari, Franklin Chang-Diaz, Kalpana Chawla, Michael Lopez-Alegria, Eugene Trinh.
The criteria for determining who has achieved human spaceflight vary. The Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) defines spaceflight as any flight over 100 kilometres (62 mi), while in the United States, professional, military and commercial astronauts who travel above an altitude of 50 miles (80 km) are awarded astronaut wings. The majority of people who have flown into space have done so by entering Earth orbit. This list includes people meeting all three criteria, in separate subdivisions.
The flags indicate the space traveler's nationality at the time of their flight. In cases of dual citizenship, the space traveler is listed under their primary residence. A secondary list appended to the entry for the Soviet Union shows the birth countries of space travelers not born in Russia. A similar list after the entry for the United States shows the birth countries of space travelers who were citizens of the US but were born elsewhere. Flags shown in the secondary lists are those in use at the time of the space travelers' birth.
Names in italic are space travelers who are not part of any national astronaut program or astronaut corps (Toyohiro Akiyama, Helen Sharman, the Space Adventures customers and the sub-orbital SpaceShipOne and Blue Origin pilots).