**Early Life and Career**:
– Ernest Hemingway was born on July 21, 1899, in Oak Park, Illinois, to Clarence Edmonds Hemingway and Grace Hall Hemingway.
– He had five siblings and developed a passion for outdoor activities during summers at Walloon Lake.
– Hemingway served in World War I as an ambulance driver for the American Red Cross in Italy, where he was wounded and decorated.
– He fell in love with Red Cross nurse Agnes von Kurowsky during his hospital stay.
**Literary Career and Achievements**:
– Hemingway’s writing style was characterized by economy and understated tone, leading to the publication of several novels and short-story collections.
– Notable works include ‘A Farewell to Arms,’ ‘The Sun Also Rises,’ and ‘For Whom the Bell Tolls.’
– He won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1953 and the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954.
– Hemingway’s experiences in different places influenced his writing and lifestyle.
**Marriages and Relationships**:
– Hemingway was married four times to Hadley Richardson, Pauline Pfeiffer, Martha Gellhorn, and Mary Welsh.
– He lived in Key West, Florida, and Cuba during significant periods of his life.
– His relationships often followed a pattern of abandonment and fear of being left.
**Residences and Travels**:
– Hemingway had permanent residences in Key West, Florida, and Cuba, with additional stays in Paris, Idaho, and Africa.
– He traveled extensively, with experiences in Spain, China, and Kenya influencing his writing.
– Hemingway’s time in different locations impacted his literary works and personal life.
**Literary Works and Influence**:
– Hemingway’s friendships with Ezra Pound, F. Scott Fitzgerald, and others influenced his writing style.
– Works like ‘The Sun Also Rises’ and ‘For Whom the Bell Tolls’ showcased his literary prowess.
– Hemingway’s reputation was re-established with the success of ‘For Whom the Bell Tolls’ and other works.
– His relationship with Martha Gellhorn played a significant role in his literary achievements.
Ernest Miller Hemingway (/ˈɜːrnɪst ˈhɛmɪŋweɪ/; July 21, 1899 – July 2, 1961) was an American novelist, short-story writer and journalist. Best known for an economical, understated style that significantly influenced later 20th-century writers, he is often romanticized for his adventurous lifestyle, and outspoken and blunt public image. Most of Hemingway's works were published between the mid-1920s and mid-1950s, including seven novels, six short-story collections and two non-fiction works. His writings have become classics of American literature; he was awarded the 1954 Nobel Prize in Literature, while three of his novels, four short-story collections and three nonfiction works were published posthumously.
Ernest Hemingway | |
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 Hemingway working on For Whom the Bell Tolls at the Sun Valley Lodge, 1939 | |
| Born | July 21, 1899 Oak Park, Illinois, U.S. |
| Died | July 2, 1961 (aged 61) Ketchum, Idaho, U.S. |
| Notable awards |
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| Spouses | Hadley Richardson Pauline Pfeiffer Martha Gellhorn Mary Welsh |
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Hemingway was raised in Oak Park, Illinois. After high school, he spent six months as a cub reporter for The Kansas City Star before enlisting in the Red Cross. He served as an ambulance driver on the Italian Front in World War I and was seriously wounded in 1918. His wartime experiences formed the basis for his 1929 novel A Farewell to Arms. He married Hadley Richardson in 1921, the first of four wives. They moved to Paris where he worked as a foreign correspondent for the Toronto Star and fell under the influence of the modernist writers and artists of the 1920s' "Lost Generation" expatriate community. His debut novel The Sun Also Rises was published in 1926.
He divorced Richardson in 1927 and married Pauline Pfeiffer. They divorced after he returned from the Spanish Civil War, where he had worked as a journalist and which formed the basis for his 1940 novel For Whom the Bell Tolls. Martha Gellhorn became his third wife in 1940. He and Gellhorn separated after he met Mary Welsh in London during World War II. Hemingway was present with Allied troops as a journalist at the Normandy landings and the liberation of Paris. He maintained permanent residences in Key West, Florida, in the 1930s and in Cuba in the 1940s and 1950s. On a 1954 trip to Africa, he was seriously injured in two plane accidents on successive days, leaving him in pain and ill health for much of the rest of his life. In 1959, he bought a house in Ketchum, Idaho, where, in mid-1961, he died of suicide.